Téma: Revoluce 1848 -1849
Revoluce ve Francii
u moci - bohatí, liberálove (bankéři železniční podnikatelé, velkostatkáři,... )
X
opozice - chudí, radikálové (drobní podnikatelé, chudé vrstvy,... )
požadavky opozice:
- rozšířit volební právo na všechny muže
- rozšířit osobní svobodu (shromažďovat se)
- odstrant krále Ludvíka Filipa
22.2. 1848 - povstání v Paříži
- král utekl do zahraničí
25.2. 1848 - vyhlášena republika
- všeobecné hlasovací právo pro muže (nad 25 let)
- zkrácení praovní doby na 10 hodin
- národní dílny
- prezident zvolen Ludvík Bonaparte
1851
- provedl převrat a jmenoval se císařem - Napoleon II.
- přestavil paříž
Bonapartismus (forma vlády)
- potlačení svobod politika cukru a biče
- policie
- zrušil národní dílny
Revoluce v Itálii
- rozdrobenost je překážkou hospodářství
- chtějí vyhnat Habsburky ze severu
1. Mladá Itálie (radikálové)
- chtějí republiku
2. Savojská dynastie (Sardinské království, liberálové)
- chtějí monarchii
poraženi Rakouskem - revoluce byla neúspěšná protože byli nejednotní
Revoluce v Německu
- rozdrobenost je překážkou hospodářství
- chtějí vyhnat Habsburky
- Sněm ve Franfurktu nad Mohanem
1. Liberálové
- konstituční monarchie
2. Radikálové
- republika
A) velko německá koncepce
- německé státy, rakouské země i české
B) malo německá koncepce
- pouze německé státy
revoluce nevyšla protože byli nejednotní
- zrušeny roboty - oživení hospodářství
Revoluce v Čechách
11.3. 1848
-
schůze občanů do Svatováclavských lázní
-
Národní výbor (měšťěné, řemeslníci, studenti, bankéři,... )
1. Radikálové
-
Karel Sladkovský, Karel Sabina
-
chtějí zlepšit pracovní podmínky a platy
2. Liberálové
-
František Palacký, František Ladislav Rieger
-
chtějí větší pravomoce českých zemí (podíl na vládě)
společný zájem radikálů a liberálů je zrovnoprávnění češtiny a němčiny
Pražská petice
-
rovnoprávnost češtiny a němčiny ve školách a úřadech
-
rozšíření samosprávy, volení poslanců do samosprávných orgánů, utužení Čech, Moravy a Slezka
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svoboda tisku, náboženství a osobní bezpečnost
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úprava daní
-
zkvalitnění vzdělání učitelů, vyměření slušného platu pro ně, učit na gymnáziích věcem potřebným, na univerzitách zavést úplnou svobodu ve vyučování
slovandký sjezd
-
zástupci slovanských států
-
v Praze vypuklo povstání
konec revoluce - nejednotnost
-
zrušena robota
-
1848 abditoval (odstoupil) Ferdinant V. Dobrotivý
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nastoupil František Josef I.
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Alexandr Bach - ministr vnitra - bachovský absolutismus
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